Imagery<\/strong> evoked particular associations. Joan of Arc on horseback represented suffragists as dauntless crusaders. When young, beautiful Inez Milholland, who had led the 1913 Washington, D.C., procession riding a white horse, died suddenly while on a suffrage speaking tour, the National Woman\u2019s Party turned her into a symbol of suffrage martyrdom (see section 4e in this exhibition).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Images<\/strong> of children offered another set of associations entirely: domestic, unthreatening, even infantilizing. Their appeal rested on their ability to render suffrage as a route to better mothering. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Maps<\/strong> told a tale of success and conveyed a sense of inevitability as the number of full-suffrage states spread from West to East and \u201cpartial\u201d suffrage gave way to full suffrage. Maps could also be used to make a case for a federal constitutional amendment, as opposed to state-by-state campaigns, by rendering the non-suffrage states as a solid, implacable bloc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Flags<\/strong> of various kinds, including the U.S. flag, fluttered everywhere in suffrage parades and processions. During the Great War, the U.S. flag\u2019s presence at suffrage events announced attendees\u2019 patriotism. Suffragists also used flags to chart the spread of state-level suffrage and, in 1919-1920, to trace the path to ratification. As each state ratified, members of the National Woman\u2019s Party sewed a new star on a flag specially designated for that purpose. Buttons announced that the demand for suffrage was a pointedly political move. \u201cVotes for Women\u201d or \u201cI am a Citizen\u201d underlined the theme. An image of a woman in white carrying a banner reading, simply, \u201cForward,\u201d echoed the ubiquitous Joan of Arc image. Some buttons referenced specific state suffrage referenda: October 19, 1915, in New Jersey and November 2, 1915, in Pennsylvania. Delaware\u2019s Alice Dunbar-Nelson travelled in support of both referenda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [UD_EXHIBITION_ITEM]<\/p>\n\n\n\n BANNERS AND BUTTONS<\/strong> – By 1913, American suffragists had settled on three suffrage colors to identify their cause: purple, gold (or yellow), and white. British suffragettes used purple, green, and white. The use of distinctive suffrage colors gave a uniform \u201clook\u201d to state and national suffrage campaigns and reflected a keen sense of how to market the movement\u2019s demands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Items from the Woman Suffrage Collection:<\/p>\n\n\n\n State suffrage referenda were common by 1916, when Iowa\u2019s male voters went to the polls to decide whether to revise the state constitution\u2019s list of voter qualifications to include women. This banner urged a \u201cyes\u201d vote. The referendum went down to defeat, as did many\u2014but not all\u2014referenda in other states. By 1916, national suffrage leaders were putting their groups\u2019 energies into winning a federal constitutional amendment rather than continue to wage exhausting state-by-state campaigns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [UD_EXHIBITION_ITEM]<\/p>\n\n\n\n VISUALIZING PROGRESS<\/strong> – A leaflet sporting a map and a flag-themed postcard made a point that the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) sought to drive home: that state-level voting rights were on the move and represented a dynamic future. Between the publication of the postcard and the map, seven additional states and one territory had become \u201cequal suffrage states.\u201d The visual imagery\u2014a map, a flag\u2014associated the progress of women\u2019s voting with the nation\u2019s history. The flag with four sparse stars called out for states fill in the gaps by enfranchising their women.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Suffragists used a variety of eye-catching images to promote their cause: posters, banners, buttons, song lyric sheets, book designs, pompoms, fliers, maps, postcards and flags. Color played a role. By 1913, three suffrage colors\u2014purple, gold, and white\u2014had become firmly associated with the U.S. movement. After anti-suffragists adopted the red rose as their symbol, suffragists sported […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":47,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-exhibition.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-64","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/exhibitions.lib.udel.edu\/votes-for-delaware-women\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/64"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/exhibitions.lib.udel.edu\/votes-for-delaware-women\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/exhibitions.lib.udel.edu\/votes-for-delaware-women\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exhibitions.lib.udel.edu\/votes-for-delaware-women\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exhibitions.lib.udel.edu\/votes-for-delaware-women\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/exhibitions.lib.udel.edu\/votes-for-delaware-women\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/64\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1057,"href":"https:\/\/exhibitions.lib.udel.edu\/votes-for-delaware-women\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/64\/revisions\/1057"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exhibitions.lib.udel.edu\/votes-for-delaware-women\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/47"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/exhibitions.lib.udel.edu\/votes-for-delaware-women\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/exhibitions.lib.udel.edu\/votes-for-delaware-women\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/96\/2020\/02\/image-6.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n